Migrants who decide - whether voluntarily or involuntarily – to leave their home-country are confronted with a change of their frame of reference that helps oneself in a social system to reduce the world to a calculable section in which one can find its own way and in which one can interact. They find themselves in an unknown territory where the world has been grasping, where all well-known rules of behavior, societal roles, structures, and conditions have changed. The afflictions are particularly virulent when migration has happened for reasons of fled from war and persecution. The fled often starts unexpectedly, no adoption could take place, often family members or friends have disappeared, died, or killed already; people fleeing are in deep danger and suffering from a distressing fear.

For more information, please read the article written 2019 by Barbara Kuss andMats Mikiver on EPALE
https://epale.ec.europa.eu/en/blog/trauma-and-learning